10 Most Powerful Hurricanes and Typhoons in History

Climate Analysis On Climate Archives - 1612 Words

There is significant evidence from studies based on climate archives that the Earth’s climate about 10 000 years ago was very different from the present climate; it has changed a lot since the last glacial period which ended about 10 000- 12 000 years ago (Chappell, 1998). Hence, about 10 000 years ago the Earth was buried under ice sheets and it was much cooler than present temperatures (see Figure 1, Appendix) (Chappell, 1998). The Earth that has been cycling between cold and warm climates for ages and is currently in the interglacial period where it has slowly become warmer along with a rise in sea level (Watts, 2009). There are many climate archives which can help scientists study past climates and their development over time. Climate†¦show more content†¦Corals were first discovered about 200 million years, however most have grown over the last 10 000 years. Therefore, corals are great climate archives to use in order to study the climate from the last 10 000 yea rs. Corals also have a wide array of climatic history stored within them (Introduction: Coral Reefs, 2015). They have a long lifetime and rapid growth which makes them ideal climate archives for studying the past climate (Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics, 2015). Along with the corals there is the foraminifera; also referred to as sea floor fossils. These sea floor fossils are often found in sediment cores and can reveal a variety of things about the past climate through ocean currents, temperature and oxygen ratios. Also these fossils are the most common source of paleoceanographic proxies, making them easily available (Kucera, 2007). Hence, foraminifera or sea floor fossils are an ideal climate archives for studying the past climate from about 10 000 years ago alongside corals. Information about the past climate can not only help us understand our present climate but can also help predict our future climate trends. Corals, which are one of the climate archives been discussed, are living organisms who produce a calcium carbonate skeleton to make themselves look like rocks. The calcium carbonate bands found in corals help form permanent records of seasonal and annual climate changes. Corals are a type of biotic proxy; which are proxies based on the

Nursing Homosexuality and United States Free Essays

And the Band Played On University of Central Florida Question #1 Based on what you observed in the film or read in the book; clearly articulate and delineate at least three of the sociopolitical factors that influenced public health policy development for HIV/AIDs prevention and control in the United States. Then discuss separately each of the three sociopolitical factors each factor and discussion is equal to three points each. The three sociopolitical factors that influenced public health policy development for HIV/Aids prevention and control in the United States were identifying early possible ways of spreading the disease, how it affected our blood supply and that to acknowledge the social implications that it could be everyman’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Homosexuality and United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initially, in the movie there were signs of the disease but they were not sure even what it was. People were dying from a type of pneumonia that was not common; one man had Toxoplasmosis which is a cat’s disease. Other patients had a low or no T-cell count. As the movie progressed they found a connection with â€Å"Patient Zero† and this concept that they called the GRID which stood for Gay Related Immune Deficiency and this term was coined by Bill Kraus who was speaking on behalf of the gay rights in Washington, D. C. in 1980. In the connection with patient zero it is ultimately discovered that there was a flight attendant who was gay who had sexual intercourse with many men who then had sex with others and the doctor’s were able to make the connection with this information. They were able to trace back to the flight attendant who was patient zero and who he slept with and who all of those people had slept with, so on and so forth. The flight attendant had given him names and they were able to talk to several men who gave names of other men that they had sex with. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). The second factor that helped to form public policy and help with control and prevention was regarding our blood supply. It was discovered that there was an older man who was a hemophiliac who had received many blood transfusions at the University of Colorado Medical Center. There was also a woman who was an IV drug user who had contracted AIDS. This helped to dispel the myth that it was only a gay disease, but was transported through the blood; therefore our blood supply was at risk. The CDC in Atlanta met in 1983 and motioned to change the name from GRID to AIDS which was Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. However, because of expense the blood banks refused to change testing procedures. Eventually, the blood banks finally agree to test but many people were affected with AIDS virus before that finally took place. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). One of the big factors early on is that no one wanted to be associated with AIDS due to the fact that it was considered a homosexual man’s disease. There was a lot of fear, denial and anger surrounding this disease. In 1981at the CDC Dr. Guinan asks that a report about an epidemic with gay men had broken out and he wanted it published in the medical journal. The fear of the word â€Å"homosexual† was marked off and not used for that article. It took a long time for the realization that this disease could affect everyone from homosexual males, IV drug users, blood transfusion patients, women and even babies. Even though it was initially considered the disease came from gay men and their sexual practices it crossed all borders as time went on. Still today there is some prejudice regarding AIDS. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). Question #2 How were early victims and contacts identified and located? One example was from a gay flight attendant who had by his own admission had at least 250 partners and that was a conservative number of partners, when he was a patient at NYU Medical Center. Later, the doctors make the connection and tracked him down to ask for names of other men he had slept with. He gave Dr. Darrow 73 names which at least was a beginning for them to contact other men and from there they could get them names of men or women that they too had slept with. The doctors began to see a common thread of patients who had low T cell counts, rare pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma and other signs/symptoms that they were looking at and trying to make the connection with what this disease entailed as they were sharing information with each other of their findings. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). Question #3 Describe how the events in the film compare with the steps in the epidemiological process described in Maurer and Smith. There are three types of epidemiological studies that include descriptive, experimental and analytic. (Maurer Smith, 2009). I think that the descriptive would be the closest to the film. The reason is that the movie talks about those who are affected and different scenarios. One such scenario would be Dr. Francis when he was seeing a woman on her death bed, and she spits blood on his hand and he is scared. He was a key player in that he saw some symptoms and tried to go back and put together pieces of the puzzle of what that meant with other findings, different populations, ages, sex, blood etc. What was difficult were how many hurdles the medical community had to try and overcome. There was little funding, discriminatory attitudes and a basic belief it did not belong in their back yard. The government was inefficient and slow and much of the red tape left many to suffer and die. They believed that it was a lifestyle choice and that their punishment was just. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). The people who were most affected early on were homosexual men. It did seem to be more prominent in San Francisco where there was a high population of gay men. The first case was in Copenhagen in 1977, various countries and finally the United States. This disease affected everyone from gay, straight, IV drug users, babies and hemophiliacs. (Spelling, Vincent Spottiswoode, 1993). It is worthy to note that the homosexual men were engaging in very risky behaviors such as in the bathhouses they were with multiple partners and also engaged in the use of poppers. Gay men also engaged in sex often without protection and even when they tested positive they would still engage in risky behaviors. Kalichman SC; Cain D; Simbayi LC, (2010). What was your overall reaction after viewing this film/reading this book with respect to the impact on the health care system in the United States? I had never seen the film before so I found it very interesting. Knowing what I know now I look at that film in disbelief that we had to go through all of those hurdles and how many lives were lost. It was a failure to act from the CDC, blood banks, government; the doctor’s fighting with their egos for credit and even those fighting with each other and the politicians who don’t want their careers ruined. I don’t remember it affecting me much because I am a straight, heterosexual female, but I do remember thinking how scared I was when it first came out. It does not mean however, that I am safe because I am female. I do know that. The money that it cost in the aftermath of inefficiency is probably numbers I can’t imagine. I applaud Dr. Francis in standing up for what he believed was right in the face of his colleagues who fought him the whole way. It must have been a lonely path for him but I believe when you are passionate about something that is when you will prevail, and he did. I hope that history doesn’t repeat itself and that as humans we can learn from our errors. One impact that I can have as a nurse is to dispel myths and teach the facts about having HIV and living with it. There are still many misconceptions surrounding HIV and since we are in a position to educate, it is our duty to do so. Ojebuyi B. (2009). References Kalichman, S. , Cain, D. , Simbayi, L. (2010). Behavioral changes associated with testing HIV-positive among sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. American Journal of Public Health, 100(4), 714-719. oi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2009. 162602. Maurer, F. A. , Smith, C. M. (2009). Community/public health nursing practice: health for families and populations. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elselvier Ojebuyi, B. (2009). Increasing people’s knowledge about HIV/AIDS: an investigation into the effectiveness of reading as a communication strategy. Journal of Health Management, 11(3), 473-488. Retrieved from CIN AHL Plus with Full Text database Spelling, A. , Vincent, E. D. , (Producers). Spottiswoode, R. (Director), (1993), And the band played on [Motion picture]. United States: Home Box Office. How to cite Nursing: Homosexuality and United States, Papers

Culture and Obesity free essay sample

They should not write their names on the sheets. 2. Collect the Classroom Activity Sheet: Three Women. Select one or two students to tally students’ responses on the Classroom Activity Sheet: Tally of Students’ Perceptions of Body Shape and Size . 3. While these students tally the responses, ask the class why you presented the survey without any introductory discussion. Responses will vary, but most students will suggest that you are trying to gauge attitudes toward overweight and thin people. 4. Have students present the survey results, and discuss them with the class. Typically, the thin women (A and B) receive the most positive responses, while the heaviest woman (C) 1 receives the most negative responses. Discuss how students came to their conclusions. Students’ comments may include the following: â€Å"Woman C is heavy, so she must be the most unhealthy. † â€Å"Since woman C is heavy, she can’t be making wise decisions consistently, because fat people eat too much, and they eat bad food. † â€Å"Woman C isn’t attractive because she’s too big. She should lose weight. † â€Å"That woman needs to work out. † Conclude the discussion by summarizing students’ responses. 5. Divide students into four groups. Ask each group to consider how society influences our perceptions of overweight and obese people. Encourage students to consider the many ways we get information, including family and friends, television, movies, music, literature, and advertisements. Have each group prepare a presentation that includes the following: A paragraph focusing on the group’s ideas about how these factors influence our perceptions of overweight and obese people. It should state the factors that have the most influence and why. A summary, based on research, of the factors that influence society’s perceptions of overweight and obese people. Research material may include pictures from magazines, advertisements, examples from movies and books, and any other resources about body perception. A conclusion about the group’s original ideas: Were they supported by research, or did they change? Students should explain how and why any of their ideas changed. 6. Suggest that students use magazines, newspapers, and resources from the library and the Internet, such as the following Web sites: http://www. atlantaparent. com/First%20Page%20APRIL%2001. htm http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/public/heart/obesity/lose_wt/risk. htm http://www. cornell. du/food/expfiles/topics/sobal/sobaloverview. html http://webmd. lycos. com/content/dmk/dmk_article_40062 7. Have each group share its presentation. Do the groups agree on how society influences our perceptions of overweight and obese people? Do they believe that one factor is more significant than others? If so, which one? Why do they think that factor is so important? 8. Conclude the lesson by asking students whether their opinions in the original survey have changed as a result of their research. Would they answer the questions differently now? What information has changed their perceptions of overweight and obese people? 9. Assign the Take-Home Activity Sheet: Your Opinion About Weight and Body Image. If time permits, discuss students’ responses during the next class period. What have students learned about their feelings about overweight and obese people? What have they learned about their feelings about their own bodies? 2 Adaptation for younger students: Focus on the survey and tally sheet. Have a discussion about students’ feelings about overweight and obese people. Do they have prejudices? Are these prejudices fostered by the media? You may use the questions on the Take-Home Activity Sheet as a guide for class discussions. Discussion Questions: 1. Men in three Matsigenka villages in southeastern Peru were shown six drawings of women that differed only in body weight and waist size. The men chose a drawing for each of these categories: healthiest, most attractive, and best potential spouse. The overwhelming winner in every category was the drawing of the heaviest woman with the thickest waist. Why might the Matsigenka men perceive heaviness as attractive? 2. What is the difference between being overweight and being obese? Can an individual be healthy and overweight? Explain. 3. In the 1990s, more than 5 million American women suffered from eating disorders. This may be evidence that many American women have difficulty accepting their bodies. In your opinion, what must be done to help Americans accept their own bodies? 4. We usually think of fat as negative, but fat serves many purposes in the human body. Why do our bodies contain fat? What happens if a person’s body fat is too low? 5. Some health risks are associated with having too much body fat. Research and explain three such risks. 6. How much body fat is healthy for a teenage girl? How much is healthy for a teenage boy? Why do you suppose that a healthy girl has more body fat than a healthy boy? Evaluation: Use the following three-point rubric to evaluate students’ group work during this lesson: Three points: cooperative work; accurate completion of the research assignment; demonstration of a clear understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; demonstration of a heightened realization of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese Two points: somewhat cooperative work; completion of most of the research assignment with some level of accuracy; demonstration of some understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; emonstration of some understanding of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese 3 One point: trouble working cooperatively; completion of a small portion of the research assignment with some accuracy; demonstration of little or no understanding of the relationship between culture and weight; demonstration of little or no understanding of the need for more sensitivity toward people who are overweight or obese Extensions: Genes and Obesity Some people are overweight or obese because they have a condition they cannot control. Have students research and write a short paper about one of the conditions listed below. They should include the following information: A description of the condition and its effect on body weight Information about the prevalence of the condition Other problems associated with the condition The relationship between genes, diet, and lifestyle How people with this condition try to control their weight Cushing’s syndrome. This syndrome is a hormonal disorder in which the hypothalamus or adrenal gland malfunctions: pituitary tumors may appear, cortisol levels increase, and the person gains weight. About 10 to 15 million people are affected annually. Web site: http://www. niddk. nih. gov/health/endo/pubs/cushings/cushings. htm Prader-Willi syndrome. This is a complex disorder in which the hypothalamus is malformed or damaged because of genetic factors, injury, or brain surgery. The sufferer never feels full after eating, leading to morbid obesity. It is estimated that 1 in 12,000 to 15,000 people suffer from PWS, the most common cause of genetic obesity identified. Web site: www. pwsausa. org/basicfac. htm Hypothyroidism. Underactivity of the thyroid gland slows the body’s normal rate of metabolism. The condition occurs in 2 of every 100 people; many cases can be treated successfully. Web site: www. thyroid. org/patient/brochur5. htm Weight and Entertainers Divide students into small groups. Ask them to name as many chubby performers (living or dead) as possible in the categories of music, film, and television. Students can research periodicals or the Internet. Have students compare the number of female performers on their lists with the number of male performers. Is there a difference in the numbers of male and female performers? (There should be more men. ) Ask students why they think this discrepancy exists. Then ask them to analyze each performance category. Are some more likely to contain overweight performers? (A group might say that there have been many overweight male and female comedians. ) Ask students why they think one category seems to have more heavy performers. Finally, ask students whether they believe there is more prejudice against overweight women than there is against overweight men in the entertainment industry. Make sure students support their answers with specific examples. 4 Suggested Reading: Fat: Fighting the Obesity Epidemic Robert Pool. Oxford University Press, 2001. Using information gleaned from decades of research into appetite, metabolism, body fat, diet, and weight control, this book describes the latest understandings about obesity and the interplay of genes and behavior. Lots of case histories illustrate the struggle to control one’s weight and where the battle is being waged today. Chapter notes are included. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession Harrison Pope, Jr. , Katherine Phillips, and Roberto Olivardia. The Free Press, 2000. There are many books on the market about female body image, but here’s a different view. Men can be as obsessed with their appearance as women and resort to any number of unsafe behaviors to try to mold themselves in a particular way. Chapters discuss excessive weight training, steroid use, eating disorders, and distorted body image. Lots of case studies, diagnostic questionnaires, and suggestions for treatment make this an absorbing book. Vocabulary: morbid obesity Definition: Weight gain that interferes with breathing and other vital functions. Context: If a person’s weight is 50 percent or more over the maximum desirable for his or her height, then that person is considered to suffer from morbid obesity. besity Definition: Weight that is 20 to 25 percent more than the maximum desirable for a person’s height. Context: There are multiple causes for the development of obesity, including a genetic propensity and overeating. overweight Definition: Weighing more than 25 to 35 pounds over the maximum desirable for a person’s height. Context: Karen was co nstantly frustrated because no matter how little she ate and how much she exercised, she remained overweight. prejudice Definition: A negative attitude or prejudgment toward a particular group.

Whole Foods Case Essay Example

Whole Foods Case Essay CASE # 2 – WHOLE FOODS Assignment Questions 1. Do you think that company’s mission statement/motto â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet† is reflected in what they do and is it an effective mission statement? †¢ yes, is seems to be withheld by and believed by the employees and executives †¢ it is short and catchy and encompasses the vision and core values of the corporation †¢ it describes all aspects of what they want to achieve, they seem to abide by it 2. Do the core values underlying the mission (case Exhibit 3) really matter at this company or are they just nice words and cosmetic window dressing? What evidence can you cite to support your answer? Have Whole Foods’ core values contributed to the company’s success? Why or why not? †¢ I think that the core values really do matter to this company, it seems that they have been trying to make it a team environment or family atmosphere that everyone is there for the same purpose. At the end of the day people are there for a pay cheque and shareholders are there for profit, but I think that they stay there because they believe in the cause and feel like they are making a difference. I really feel like were a part of making the world a better place. When I joined the company 17 years ago, we only had 4 stores. I have always loved as a customer and now as a Team Member the camaraderie, support for others, and progressive atmosphere at Whole Foods Market. Page C-24 †¢ Also, showing that the core values really do matter to the company is core value # 3 Team Member Happiness and Excellence this is shown by hav ing the employees draw up choices on the benefits that they need, and by creating an atmosphere where input is encouraged Core Value #1 Selling the highest Quality Natural and Organic Products Available/#5 Caring about our communities and Environment These were shown to actually matter to the corporation when they stopped selling lobster because the process of getting the lobster was not in line with their commitment and loans to farmers to help them produce high quality products. †¢ I think part of Whole Foods success can be attributed to their core values because it created an atmosphere where all employees are working for the same cause and that they try their best to serve the customer and make the customer loyal. . Describe the current (in the book and today) economic, social and demographic conditions that are affecting Whole Foods. What are the main driving forces? Evaluate the market and competitive conditions in the food retailing industry. What key success factors a re needed to be successful in the organic foods segment of this industry? †¢ Economic conditions affecting Whole Foods: income levels may be down due to recession and there could be loss of employment, there is more competition regular grocery stores are carrying their product Social condition affecting Whole Foods: people starting to be more cautious about what they eat, animal rights and hormones in food supply is more easily distributed so more people are aware, environmental concerns about growing practices †¢ Demographic conditions affecting Whole Foods: aging population with more disposable income, they have more awareness of what they should eat 4. What is the fundamental strategy or â€Å"value proposition† that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Is Whole Foods’ fundamental strategy well matched to market conditions in the food retailing industry (one of the criteria for winning strategy discussed in Chapter 1)? †¢ I think that they made a good dec ision to switching from a growth strategy to a value strategy was a good decision. It enabled them to react to the current conditions while still serving their customers and maintaining their core values. Doing this helped them maintain their competitive ranking while riding out the recession. They adapted to match the market conditions. 5. Based on the financial statement data in case Exhibits 9, 10, and 11, how well is Whole Foods Market performing? We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Use the financial ratio information in Table 4. 1 of Chapter 4 (pages 98-99) to assist you in calculating a revealing set of financial ratios and interpreting them. |Whole Foods Market Ratios | |   |2009 |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 | |Gross Profit Margin |0. 34 |0. 34 |0. 35 |0. 35 |0. 35 | |Return on Total Assets |4. 85 |4. 6 |   |   |   | |Debt to Assets Ratio |0. 46 |0. 55 |   |   |   | |Debt to Equity Ratio |1. 07 |1. 24 |   |   |   | |Current Ratio |1. 54 |0. 93 |   |   |   | †¢ Whole Foods seems to be doing well. Although, there net income has declined they are still profitable. They have a positive return on assets that increased from 2008 2009. Their debt to equity indicates is high. However, we know that they have been expanding rapidly and have funded a lot of the expansion with debt. The same with the debt to asset ratio, it is high and this could cause problems if their creditors demanded repayment of the loans. In 2008 the current ratio was low. Their current liabilities were higher than their current assets, this also indicates that they may have trouble paying back creditors. In 2009 it changed to 1. 54 which is a more acceptable rate. 6. How well is Whole Foods Market performing from a strategic perspective? What are Whole Food’s competencies, and strengths? Does Whole Foods enjoy a competitive advantage over its 3 chief rivals — Fresh Market and Trader Joe’s? Does the company have a winning strategy? (Use the â€Å"Tests of Good Strategy†) †¢ I think that Whole Foods is performing well from a strategic perspective when they set their strategy they seem to follow it. For example when they concentrated on the growth strategy they pursued opening many stores and buying Wild Oats. Competencies and Strengths: they are large, they are number 1 in the market, they have good supplier relationships and supply chains for their product. They educate their employees to be knowledgeable, and are able to retain employees, they appeal to many different types of people (vegetarian, vegan, health conscious, gourmet chefs etc. ) They are known and involved in the community 7. Based on a SWOT analysis , do you think John Mackey has a good strategic vision for Whole Foods? Why or why not? †¢ Yes, he has been successful for the last 30 years and has continued to grow. He encompasses his vision into the strengths of the company. The weaknesses are that he seems to have gotten carried away during the acquisition and posted online messages that were not on par with his corporate core values. The current threats are that there is more competition and that organic food is more widely available. The competition seems to be expanding and taking away consumers that are more price conscious. John Mackey has responded to these threats by changing his strategy and creating more value items to keep the price conscious customers. I think that this is a good strategic vision because it opens the customer base. 8. What recommendations would you make to John Mackey regarding the actions that Whole Foods’ management needs to take to sustain the company’s growth and financial performance? †¢ I recommend that John Mackey should continue adding more value items to their inventory and continue to educate the community and employees. They may want to look into acquiring some of the smaller chains like Trader Joes or Fresh Market to ensure that they dont grow into bigger competition.

South Korea Sociocultural Report Essays

South Korea Sociocultural Report Essays South Korea Sociocultural Report Essay South Korea Sociocultural Report Essay This paper is a comprehensive socio-cultural report focused on South Korea. In this paper, several key socio-cultural and economic elements of South Korea are presented in order to provide a comprehensive overview of South Korea to the business development group of the organization. By providing a comprehensive overview of South Korea, the organization can base their expansion plan in exporting the products of the company and align the company’s insertion to South Korea effectively and efficiently as possible. The first part of the paper presents a brief geographic profile of South Korea and the current economy of the country. South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea (ROK) is an East Asian state on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. ROK is bordered by North Korea (otherwise known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea). ROK is a country that is in between two economic giants, Japan – which lies across the Korea Strait and China – which lies across the Yellow Sea. Both of which have bustling economies and are currently part of the G8 nations (Breen, 2004). One half of the country’s population are within or within close proximity to the capital Seoul, the country’s largest city and is considered on the world’s mega cities – one of the most populous metropolitan cities in the world (Korea Overseas Information Service, 2003). The government of ROK utilizes one of the most traditional forms of government attached to democratic principles – the legislative, executive and judicial three arm government (Yang, 1999). Similar to other governments that utilize this kind of organization, the executive and legislative branches of government operate at the national level with the judicial branch operates both in the national and the local level (Korea Overseas Information Service, 2003). According to Transparency International, a Berlin-based international organization that gathers information from twelve poll surveys from nine non-aligned institutions that gathered the views of today’s leading business leaders and country analysts, out of the 163 countries that was surveyed, ROK scored a rating of 5.1. 5.0 is the rating considered to be the line that identifies countries that do not have a considerable threat to corruption. This is relatively better as compared to Malaysia that garnered a rating of 5 .0 and China and India that both garnered a rating of 3.3 (â€Å"The 2006 Transparency International,† 2006). ROK is considered by many in the business sector to be a major international economic power, not only in the region but also in the world. ROK has the 12th largest economy in the world setting and has the 3rd largest economy in Asia (behind Japan and China). Currently, ROK holds very strong industry leaders such as in the car industry – Hyundai and its subsidiary Kia joined together are the 7th largest car group in the world. South Korea’s shipbuilding industry is its crown jewel as it is considered the largest shipbuilding industry in the world overtaking Japan a few years back (Korea Economy and Business, 2007). South Korea’s biggest trading and export partner is China. With the aid of a booming trade and large scale industries, Korea is considered as one of the four Asian tigers. This can be attributed to the South Korean business model of being able to provide venues for the development of large, internationally competitive organizations by the means of easy financing and tax incentives that had given way to the dominance of companies that are owned and led by families. One notable milestone in ROK’s rise to economic power is its introduction to the trillion dollar club of world economies last 2004 (Yonhap News Agency, 2004). This level of growth, aside from the easy financing programs initiated by the government implemented labor reform policies and a pension program targeting corporations that aided in making the market more flexible. Currently, the South Korean economy is a little over 5.1% and is still expected to grow (Korea Economy and Business, 2007). The ROK economy is often identified with moderate inflation, a very low rating of unemployment, being able to boast of an export surplus, and fairly equitable income distribution spread throughout the country (Yonhap News Agency, 2004). In addition to this business savvy, ROk continues to still sharpen their sword and aspire for global competitiveness. ROK has been made available to a series of employment opportunities in other potentially beneficial companies and industries and provides the opportunity for growth as they try to become globally competitive. Lastly, the paper takes a look into the current culture thriving South Korea. Currently, it can be seen that western and particularly the US influences have been strongest. Particularly in the current pop culture and even can be seen in existing business practices (Nahm, 1996). On one note, Japanese culture has been banned all together because of the Japanese occupation. This went on until 1999. Although the culture of Japan has seeped into the Korean setting, it is unlikely that there will be considerable change of culture as compared to the level of cultural influence the west has over ROK. The contemporary culture of ROK is significantly influenced and is highly integrated to technology (Breen, 2004).

Critical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical - Essay Example It is also an academy award winner. The movie stars are Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Being simply another Warner Bros release and directed by one of the great directors of its time, Michael Curtis it owns a label of â€Å"Great Movie†. The movie starts in a light cheerful way. We see Rick Blaine, a hero of a movie, in a club followed by dances and comedy dialogues. Rick runs a nightclub in Casablanca and is a hard American when Morocco is attacked by France. Ilsa, heroine of a movie, is living with her husband. When the Nazis attacks the Morocco many refugees fled through Casablanca to save their lives. Rick, being rigid and stubborn stays there. Meanwhile escaping the Nazis attack Ilsa stumble upon rick’s club. She is the lost love of Rick and forgets her past in order to live her life and to support her husband. But when they two see each other again the lost sparks of their lost love once again lit up and the memories of their time which they spent together in Paris comes up. From here the plot increases with the mixture of romance, comedy and emotions that have rarely been brought together on screen. Rick wants to escape with Ilsa but now she’s with Laszlo, her husband. Near the end of a movie, the close-ups of Ilsa face reflects confusing emotions like she can’t really decide whom to choose, her lost love or current husband. One can see this movie couple of times and still can’t get over familiar with it. The more I see the more I like it just as a soothing symphony. The black and white cinematography clearly does not affects the powerful dialogues and strong emotions of the characters. According to me, the thing which I find the most attractive in this movie is that none of the major character is bad. Means they all are facing their hazards of lives. Some characters are emotional, some are cynical, some lie for their own sake and some kill for their country but in the end they all can be redeemed. So, in short Casablanca is a

Othello's tragic Flaw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Othello's tragic Flaw - Essay Example The jealousy he feels makes him insane, and he fails to look for solid reasons. It seems that it is Brabantio’s warning â€Å"Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see†¦She has deceived her father, and may thee† (Act I, Scene 3) that makes Iago realize the possibility of great revenge. As Othello says â€Å"My life upon her faith; Honest Iago† (Act I, Scene 3), Iago becomes almost certain about the outcome. It is very evident that even this declaration adds to the basic jealous nature of Othello. As Iago develops his plan, this jealousy grows deeper and deeper. Though Othello continuously goes on denying his growing jealousy, mere hints from the part of Iago make him say that â€Å"No Iago†¦I’ll see before I doubt†¦when I doubt, prove†¦and on the proof, there is no more but this, †¦away at once with love or jealousy† (Act III, Scene 3). At this point, jealousy overcomes him with such a force that he delves into a fit of ep ilepsy. Soon, one can see a conversion of his jealousy into anger as he says â€Å"Arise, black vengeance, from thy hollow cell! Yield up, O love, thy crown and hearted throne, to tyrannous hate!† Soon, he accuses Desdemona of infidelity. Though she denies it, his mind is unchangeable. As Emilia points out â€Å"But jealous souls will not be answered so; they are not ever jealous for the cause, But jealous for they are jealous: ‘tis a monster Begot upon itself, born on itself† (Act III, Scene 4). Soon, Othello decides to kill her saying â€Å"let her rot, and perish, and be damned to-night, for she shall not live: no, my heart is turned to stone† (Act IV, Scene 1). However, Emilia’s statement that Desdemona is honest makes Othello confused. He seems a man too confused to think rationally as he attempts to get any proof. Through Iago’s brainwashing, he seems more eager to find fault in Desdemona than to prove her innocence. Despite her repeate d question â€Å"what ignorant sin have I committed?† (Act IV, Scene 2), he goes on blaming her. Sooner, he kills Desdemona. The play reveals the power of jealousy. Iago is driven by Jealousy. In other words, it is jealously that makes Iago develop the plot to devastate Othello. Again, he uses the same element of jealousy in Othello to bring his idea into practice. It is this content of jealousy that makes Othello feel violated and betrayed. When one feels betrayed, there are two possible outcomes; either the person turns revengeful or the person becomes depressed. In the case of Othello, he has the power to implement what he wants to do. In addition, he is a man who believes in righteousness. So, as a warrior, he is not ready to given in. Instead, he decides to do justice in his own way. It seems that Shakespeare presents the tragic hero Othello with a number of personality defects, or, indeed as a representative of a common human being who is ruled by feelings of insecurity , jealousy, hate, and revenge. The entire play is driven by the fact that he shows blind faith in the loyalty of Iago who is the real villain. However, it is rather surprising to note that he fails to show the same level of blind faith in Desdemona. Here, it becomes evident that when it comes to the matter of Desdemona, he is influenced by other factors too. He is influenced by a number of feelings at the same time. The strongest ones are his love for Desdemona. However, as time passes, jealousy gains upper hand. Soon, it gets

Reform of United Nation Security Council Literature review

Reform of United Nation Security Council - Literature review Example The council also settles disputes among member nations, and to attain this, military option may be resorted. The Council has 15 members, 5 are permanent while the 10 are non-permanent members (Kugel 2009). The non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly and hold office for a term of two years (Kugel 2009). The five permanent members are China, France, Russia, UK and USA (Kugel 2009). Through the application of sanctions, the council can pressure an erring nation to cease from committing violence or aggression. Sanctions are imposed when diplomatic actions fail to restore peace in an area (Security Council Sanctions n.d.). The decisions of the Security Council are embodied in resolutions approved by majority of the members of the Council (Security Council Sanctions n.d.). Areas for Reform Considerations over introducing some reforms in the Council have started almost at the time of its creation. The increase in the composition of permanent members has also been suggested (Kugel 2009). For instance, the current permanent membership does not represent all the nations based on geographical consideration taking into account the changing geo-political realities (Kugel 2009). The move is also congruent with the attempt to make representation of all the member states more democratic (Kugel 2009). ... The Council really proved ineffective on several issues during the Cold War since two of the permanent members were involved in this conflict. The two primary reform issues that have emerged concern the increasing number of members and the procedural rules in conducting its business. The membership issue also includes the voting system and structure. Amending the voting structure or composition of the Council may not be easily achieved since they would require the amendment of the UN Charter, and a quorum of two-thirds in the General Assembly (Kugel 2009). In the Assembly, permanent members can block the proposed amendments. During the General Assembly meeting in September 2008, the reform discussion deadlock was ended when members agreed to transfer the discussions from the Working Group to the intergovernmental negotiations in an informal plenary of the Assembly through resolution 62/557. The agreed agenda for reform mentioned in the resolution include: membership categories, veto power and concerns, regional representation, size of an expanded Council, working methods and procedures, and the Council’s relationship with the General Assembly (Kugel 2009). Changes in the Security Council Although the UN Security Council has been in existence for several decades now, it is still undergoing reforms to make it more efficient. The desired outcome of its sanctions may have an adverse effect upon the other nations. For instance, a sanction can affect the vulnerable sectors in the population or economy of another country (Security Council Sanctions n.d.). Thus, it is continually amending and refining its design and implementation so that collateral effects may be lessened. The refinements include

The Age Miracle Creams Marketing Essay

The Age Miracle Creams Marketing Essay Market segmentation is the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs and product/service requirements. Or to put it another way, market segmentation is the division of a mass market into identifiable and distinct groups or segments, each of which have common characteristics and needs and display similar responses to marketing actions. Market segmentation was first defined as a condition of growth when core markets have already been developed on a generalised basis to the point where additional promotional expenditures are yielding diminishing returns (Smith, 1956). There is now widespread agreement that they form an important foundation for successful marketing strategies and activities (Wind, 1978; Hooley and Saunders, 1993). The purpose of market segmentation is to leverage scarce resources; in other words, to ensure that the elements of the marketing mix, price, distribution, products and promotion, are designed to meet particular needs of different customer groups. Since companies have finite resources it is not possible to produce all possible products for all the people, all of the time. The best that can be aimed for is to provide selected offerings for selected groups of people, most of the time. This process allows organizations to focus on specific customers needs, in the most efficient and effective way. As Beane and Ennis (1987) eloquently commented, a company with limited resources needs to pick only the best opportunities to pursue. The concept of market segmentation was first proposed as an alternative market development technique in imperfectly competitive markets, that is, in markets where there are relatively few competitors selling an identical product. Where there are lots of competitors selling identical products, market segmentation and product differentiation produce similar results as competitors imitate your strategic approach more quickly and product differentiation approaches meet market segment needs more closely. With an increasing proliferation of tastes in modern society, consumers have increased disposable incomes. As a result, marketers have sought to design product and service offerings around consumer demand (market segmentation) more than around their own production needs (product differentiation) and they use market research to inform this process Objective Of Study 1. To understand market segmentation and consider why it is used. 2. To examine how companies segment markets. 3. To explore different targeting strategies. 4. To learn about the role and process of positioning in segmentation strategies. 5. To consider how marketers can achieve the most from market segmentation. The Process of Market Segmentation The intricacies involved in market segmentation are said to make it an exacting activity. Griffith and Pol (1994) argue this point on the basis of multiple product applications, greater customer variability, and problems associated with the identification of the key differences between groups of customers. However, there have been numerous attempts to define and describe business segmentation, using a variety of variables and ranging from the severely product-based to customer needs-based orientation. There are two main approaches to segmenting markets. The first adopts the view that the market is considered to consist of customers which are essentially the same, so the task is to identify groups which share particular differences. This is referred to as the breakdown method. The second approach considers a market to consist of customers that are all different, so here the task is to find similarities. This is known as the build-up method. The breakdown approach is perhaps the most established and well recognized and is the main method used for segmenting consumer markets. The build-up approach seeks to move from the individual level where all customers are different, to a more general level of analysis based on the identification of similarities (Freytag and Clarke, 2001). The build-up method is customer oriented as it seeks to determine common customer needs. The aim of both methods is to identify segments in the market where identifiable differences exist between segments (segment heterogeneity) and similarities exist between members within each segment (member homogeneity). Market segmentation and positioning are key determinants of successful marketing. They are fundamental to the matching process which is the raison dà ªtre of marketers. It is marketers who are responsible for ensuring that the offer made by the company in the marketplace satisfies the wants and needs of the target market of customers and consumers. Segmentation and positioning analyses enable the marketer to make informed choices about what to offer, to whom, and in what way. Customer and consumer are often used interchangeably. The term consumer generally means the final consumer, who is not necessarily the customer. For example, a parent buying lunch box snacks is probably acting as an agent on behalf of school-age children. The parent can therefore be described as the intermediate customer and the child as the end nsumer. To market such snacks effectively, the marketer must differentiate the wants and needs of each party influencing the purchase process. He or she must also be clear about which actors in the process are to be the subject of any segmentation exercise. The term market must be defined unequivocally. For example, Mark Warner and Saga are both holiday companies but they are not in the same market. The former offers holidays for families, young couples and groups in Alpine and sunshine resorts, while Saga caters for the more mature traveller who may be looking for holidays involving leisure pursuits such as sightseeing, bridge or walking. We need a definition so that we can Measure market share and market growth; Specify target customers; Recognize relevant competitors; Formulate marketing objectives and strategies. As a rule of thumb, a market should be defined in terms of a consumer need, and in a way that covers the aggregation of all the alternative products and services which consumers regard as being capable of satisfying that need. For example, a brand of instant coffee not only competes with other brands in the same product category, but also with alternative hot drinks such as tea and chocolate. Consumers may even see cold drinks such as colas and water as substitutes for it. Needs-based definitions evolve over time as trends emerge in the marketplace, and companies must be prepared to revise their definitions accordingly. Nevertheless, they need to devise a definition that is manageable. At the extreme end of the range, micromarketing is about marketing to the individual as a segment of one. However, companies must be able to meet the needs of individual segments in a way that is commercially viable. They therefore concentrate their efforts on groups of many customers who share approximately the same needs. Market segmentation allows companies to gain advantage over their competitors in the marketplace by enabling them to concentrate resources on clearly identified opportunities. It is based on the assumption that birds of a feather flock together. In many cases, the segments form separate markets in their own right, and they can often be of considerable size. There are number of criteria that make a market segment of commercial interest, including the following : The segments should be large enough to provide an adequate return on investment. The requirements of segment members should be very similar, but the members should be distinct from the rest of the market. Segments must be reachable, that is, the channels, or routes to market (where people buy), must be accessible. Methods of Market Segmentation 1) Geographical segmentation-Chronologically, this kind of segmentation appeared first . For planning and administrative purposes ,the marketer will often find it convenient to subdivide the market into areas such as nations, states, regions, cities ,etc. In systematic way .The great advantage of adopting this scheme is that standards regions are widely used government and its facilitates collection of statistics .Most of the national manufactures split up their sales areas into sales territories either state wise or district wise . 2) Demographic segmentation-Under this method ,the consumers are grouped into homogenous groups in terms of demographic similarities such as age, sex, education standard ,income level, etc .This is considered to be more purposeful since the emphasis ultimately rest on the customers . Age group are considered by manufactures of certain special products , for example ,toys. Even in the purchase made by parents ,children exert a profound influence .The market segmented on the basis of the age groups is as follows :children ,teen agers ,adults and grown up . Anti Aging products Anti-aging products were originally designed for the baby-boomer generation, however in the recent report, the analysts (global cosmetic industry, 2008) revealed that the Future growth will be fuelled by the expansion of the consumer base into younger age Groups aged 25 to 30 which seem to be increasingly interested in applying anti-aging Products, particularly topical skin treatments. This shift is leading to an increase of Spending on anti-aging products which and is likely to result in improved market Opportunities for producers seeking continuous expansion of their operations. The growing potential of the anti-aging skincare segment along with its menacing Competition spurs cosmetic market players to design and launch new products in order to stay in the game. Unilever, the worlds eighth biggest cosmetics manufacturer (cosmetic design, 2008) regularly updates their skincare product line. The company Launched ponds age miracle anti-aging skincare cream specifically for the Asian market In the late 2006 early 2007 in an attempt to capitalize on the markets huge potential. And to tactically respond to the life-long rival pgs earlier launch of Olay total effect, Globally in 1998 (Olay, 2008) and Vietnam 2005, a multifunctional anti-aging products. In Vietnam, ponds age miracle was launched in January 2007. Designed and manufactured using a breakthrough cla (conjugated linoleum acid) technology, ponds Age miracle was claimed to be a new solution for the aging skin capable of visibly reducing wrinkles in seven days. Its launch by unilever Vietnam was marked as strategic and must-win stressing its significance for the manufacturer. Initially, ponds age Miracle received a friendly welcome and shot up to capture a substantial share of Vietnam anti-aging skincare market. IDENTIFIED ATTRIBUTES OF ANTI-AGING SKINCARE Eight interviews returned us a total of thirty product attributes that the respondents consider when selecting an anti-aging skincare. There were found no significant differences between the interviewees responses as almost all of them shared the same view of anti-aging products regardless of being Olay, Ponds Age Miracle, third-party users or potential ones. The two attributes classes beneficial and image rather than characteristic, drew most interest of the interviewees. Another important aspect of the interviewees responses is an expectation of something more than just wrinkle reduction, the main function of anti-aging skincare; some even respondents didnt even mention this attribute at all. Olay Total Effect Olay is a PG skincare brand line which offers a range of products with different functions in two main categories cleanser and cream with the aim of meeting the full range of skincare needs, whatever the users age or skin type. In March 2005, PG entered Indias anti-aging skincare market with their Olay Total Effects brand line extension in the footsteps of its launch in Indian market. The India launch was a first mover strategy to tap into the premium skincare segment before the arrival of the major competitors. Olay Total Effect successful market entry also allowed PG to make inroads into other skincare categories like whitening, moisturizing and cleansing in 2006 and 2007. The product is claimed to offer multi-effects including reducing fine lines and wrinkles, smoothening skin texture visibly and to the touch, evening skin tone for younger looking, more balanced color, improving surface dullness, giving skin a radiant, healthy glow, minimizing pores, visibly reducing the appearance of blotches and age spots and smoothening dry skin. Olay Total Effects is sold at the price of 190,000 VND (equivalent of 7.6 EUR) and in one suits all size of 50g both through modern channels like supermarkets, shopping centers and traditional channels like street shops and wet-markets. Olay is tapping the premium slice of the Rs 2100 crore Indian skin care market. Olay has launched its first product in the anti-ageing segment with its Total Effects sub brand. Anti-ageing segment is still a niche with a market size of Rs 60 crore. The segment is but growing very fast. Olay has launched its Total Effects anti ageing solution after much consumer research. It had conducted research on over 6000 ladies of age between 30-69 years from three continents and identified 7 signs of ageing. 1. Fine ines and Wrinkles 2.Sagging skin 3.Uneven skin tones. 4. Age spots 5. Appearance of pores 6. Dull skin 7.Dryness Total Effects is differentiating itself through the presence of the ingredient Vita Niacin. Vita Niacin is a patented formulation that contains Niacin amide Vitamin B3 ,Vitamin E and Provitamin B5 Pathenol + sunscreen protection. Olay true to the concept of Global Brand and Local strategy has launched itself with a series of promotional campaigns. The brand has the bollywood diva Sushmita Sen as the brand ambassador. Currently Olay is running two campaigns in the visual media. One campaign is th Olay brand building campaign featuring Sushmita Sen and another is for the Total Effects moisturizing lotion. Watch the Tvc : Total Effects For the Total Effects range, the company uses a testimonial type of campaign featuring a Model/TV Anchor. The focus is more on the functional benefits of the product rather than harping on any emotional benefits. The brand is positioned as a brand that celebrates beauty within and outside. The brand worldwide uses the tagline Love the skin you are in . The brand believes that Looking Good and Feeling Good are inseparable. Loving the skin we are in is the most beautiful feeling of all. Olay Total Effects is priced at Rs 599 for a 50 gm bottle. By Indian standards, this accounts for a premium category. Olay Total Effects is targeting ladies between the age 30 60. Besides this anti-ageing product, Olay has introduced cleansers, face pack and moisturizing lotions. The brand is expected to introduce its blockbuster range of products in India in a phased manner. The premium skincare segment was in a vacuum ever since HUL decided to cater to the masstige segment by repositioning Lakme and Ponds. Now with PG and ITC seriously looking at premium segment, the market is going to witness a marketing war in days to come Ponds Age Miracle Ponds is Unilevers skincare brand line. Introduced to Indian market in 1996, Ponds quickly became a leader in mass skincare, the main market segment in India at the time. Ponds product range focuses on whitening segment including moisturizers and facial foams. As a part of their counter-offensive to an ongoing expansion of Olay Total Effect, in January 2007 Unilever launched Ponds Age Miracle, an upper tier anti-aging skincare extension of the existing Ponds range also supposed to reinforce Ponds overall image in the mass market. Its launch campaign was based on a vox pop format: It had people from various walks of life giving their feedback on the products. This was followed by Romance Revival, a heartwarming television commercial of a husband-turned-chef trying to bring romance back into his married life. These campaigns continued to be aired for the first six months of the brands launch. An endorsement campaign on television wherein celebrities such as Mehr Jesia Rampal, former Miss India and model, and Rina Dhaka, fashion designer, talk about how Ponds Age Miracle has changed their lives, is also seen off and on. Currently, a television campaign, Satisfaction amongst Millions, is being screened. ` With players like LOreal and Olay, in addition to Ponds, the anti-aging market in India stands at Rs 60 crore today, according to Nielsen figures for 2007, and it is growing at a rate of 30-40 per cent per annum, Ponds Age Miracle line includes cream, serum, facial foam, lotion and eye cream toner in which the cream is a flagship product that secures 80% of sales of the whole range. It is claimed to offer solution to wrinkles and dark spots effective in 7 days. Ponds Age Miracle cream is offered into two pack sizes: 50g priced at 190,000 VND (7.6EUR), and 30g priced at 129,000 VND (5 EUR). As a part of the strategy to fight against Olay Total Effect, Unilever ensured equally extensive distribution network for Ponds Age Miracle and its availability to end-consumers through every possible channel (Unilever,2008). The successful launch in early 2007 allowed Ponds Age Miracle to gain a substantial share of nearly 50 % in the anti-aging skincare category a few months later. However, soon after the product experienced a sharp decline of its sales and market share. The bottom line the product profitability was also breached, resulting in Unilever Vietnam considering the decision of withdrawing Ponds Age Miracle from the markets. Conclusion The underlying principle of market segmentation is that the product and services needs of individual customers differ. Market segmentation involves the grouping of customers together with the aim of better satisfying their needs whilst maintaining economies of scale. It consists of three stages and if properly executed should deliver more satisfy customers, few direct confrontations with competitors, and better designed marketing programmers.

Formalistic Reading of Sens New York Times :: Sudeep Sen

Sudeep Sen’s â€Å"New York Times† basically deals with a strong sense of life in New York. This poem consists of thirty lines altogether in six stanzas, depicting a clear description of one’s every day life at a fast pace in the first four stanzas and gradually mellows down to a slower motion, where reflection manages to take place. From the first sentence itself, â€Å"Every morning in relentless hurry, I scurry/† there is the sense of hurriedness and swiftness as if â€Å"I† is in a rat race. â€Å"Scurry† is normally associated with rats, always scamper and in a rush all the time. Readers have a dramatic image of the fast events that are happening to the persona. This can be witnessed through the â€Å"spilled coffee† indicating the lack of time to even stop for a sip of drink or breakfast. In New York, time does not stand still. Since every moment passes in a fast manner, the persona doesn’t even realise â€Å"it’s lunch time, and then,/ evening, late,/ being herded home †¦Ã¢â‚¬  mechanically as if he has lost control of his own life. Besides the dictions chosen, Sen uses less punctuation in each line of the first four stanzas to represent the quickness and the rapidity of the persona in the midst of New York City. Sen also utilises the idea of illusion in his dictions to indicate the speed of the people in this city. This can be seen in line 17, â€Å"where walking means/ running, driving means speeding,/† and since time passes in a wink of an eye, persona couldn’t even remember the days in the weekend as Sen states in line 14 – 17, â€Å"In this city, I/ count the passage of time only by weekends/ linked by five-day flashes I don’t/ even remember.† Everybody seems to be â€Å"speeding in the subway of mute faces/†. Being busy in the city, has transformed people to be so automated, mechanical person with their â€Å"mute faces†, no one cares to say hi to each other or even to smile to the person sitting next to you. However, in the last line of the fourth stanza, â€Å"But somewhere, somehow, times takes its toll,/† is seen as the turning point in this poem. This sentence is depicting the reflection as if the persona stops to think for a moment. Formalistic Reading of Sen's New York Times :: Sudeep Sen Sudeep Sen’s â€Å"New York Times† basically deals with a strong sense of life in New York. This poem consists of thirty lines altogether in six stanzas, depicting a clear description of one’s every day life at a fast pace in the first four stanzas and gradually mellows down to a slower motion, where reflection manages to take place. From the first sentence itself, â€Å"Every morning in relentless hurry, I scurry/† there is the sense of hurriedness and swiftness as if â€Å"I† is in a rat race. â€Å"Scurry† is normally associated with rats, always scamper and in a rush all the time. Readers have a dramatic image of the fast events that are happening to the persona. This can be witnessed through the â€Å"spilled coffee† indicating the lack of time to even stop for a sip of drink or breakfast. In New York, time does not stand still. Since every moment passes in a fast manner, the persona doesn’t even realise â€Å"it’s lunch time, and then,/ evening, late,/ being herded home †¦Ã¢â‚¬  mechanically as if he has lost control of his own life. Besides the dictions chosen, Sen uses less punctuation in each line of the first four stanzas to represent the quickness and the rapidity of the persona in the midst of New York City. Sen also utilises the idea of illusion in his dictions to indicate the speed of the people in this city. This can be seen in line 17, â€Å"where walking means/ running, driving means speeding,/† and since time passes in a wink of an eye, persona couldn’t even remember the days in the weekend as Sen states in line 14 – 17, â€Å"In this city, I/ count the passage of time only by weekends/ linked by five-day flashes I don’t/ even remember.† Everybody seems to be â€Å"speeding in the subway of mute faces/†. Being busy in the city, has transformed people to be so automated, mechanical person with their â€Å"mute faces†, no one cares to say hi to each other or even to smile to the person sitting next to you. However, in the last line of the fourth stanza, â€Å"But somewhere, somehow, times takes its toll,/† is seen as the turning point in this poem. This sentence is depicting the reflection as if the persona stops to think for a moment.